CS201 Solved Final Term Paper
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
*.doc is _____________ by type.
.
► Sequential File
► Random Access File
► Data File
► Record File
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a preprocessor directive?
► #error
► #define
► #line
► #ndefine
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The return type of operator function must always be void.
► True
► False
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What does (*this) represents?
► The current function of the class
► The current pointer of the class
► The current object of the class
► A value of the data member
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The statement cin.get (); is used to,
► Read a string from keyboard
► Read a character from keyboard
► Read a string from file
► Read a character from file
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When we do dynamic memory allocation in the constructor of a class, then it is necessary to provide a destructor. ► True
► False
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Overloaded new operator function takes parameter of type size_t and returns ► void (nothing)
► void pointer
► object pointer
► int pointer
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The second parameter of operator functions for << and >> are objects of the class for which we are overloading these operators.
► True
► False
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
C++ is a case-sensitive language ► True
► False
Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
To include code from the library in the program, such as iostream, a directive would be called up using this command. ► #include “iostream.h”
► include <iostream.h>
► include <iostream.h>
► #include <iostream.h>
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A template function must have only generic data types. ► True
► False
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Template class can not have static variables. ► True
► False
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What will be the correct syntax to assign an array named arr of 5 elements to a pointer ptr?
► *ptr = arr ;
► ptr = arr ;
► *ptr = arr[5] ;
► ptr = arr[5] ;
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What will be the correct syntax to access the value of fourth element of an array using pointer ptr?
► ptr[3]
► (ptr+3)
► *(ptr+3)
► Both 1and 3
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If most significant bit of un-signed number is 1 then it represents a positive number. ► True
► False
Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If there is a symbol (& sign) used with the variable name followed by data type then it refers to _____ and if & is being used with variable name then it refers to _____. ► Address of variable, reference variable
► Reference variable, value of variable
► Reference variable, address of variable
► Address of variable, value of variable
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
We can also do conditional compilation with preprocessor directives. ► True
► False
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The default value of a parameter can be provided inside the ________________ ► function prototype
► function definition
► both function prototype or function definition
► none of the given options.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Classes defined inside other classes are called ________ classes ► looped
► nested
► overloaded
► none of the given options.
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What purpose do classes serve? ► Data encapsulation
► Providing a convenient way of modeling real-world objects
► Simplifying code reuse
► All of the given options
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Every class contains _______________. ► Constructor
► Destructor
► Both a constructor and a destructor
► None of the given options
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
new operator is used to allocate memory from the free store during ► Compile Time
► Run Time
► Link Time
► None of the given options
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When an object of a class is defined inside another class then, ► Destructor of enclosing class will be called first
► Destructor of inner object will be called first
► Constructor and Destructor will be called simultaneously
► None of the given options
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
It is possible to define a class within another class. ► True
► False
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
New and Delete are also used with ___________ and data types as well. ► Class, Objects
► Structures, Pointers
► Both Class and structures
► None of above
Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
With New keyword, data types and class members are initialized with meaningful values instead of garbage. ► True
► False
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 2 )
How many arguments a Unary Operator take? Can we make a binary operator as unary operator? Ans: Unary operator takes only one aurgument like i++ or i— (Post increment or post decrement operators for intergers) or ++i,--i (Pre increment or pre decrement operators for intergers) ,we can not make Unary operator as binary or binary as Unary operator.
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 2 )
Which arithmetic operators cannot have a floating point operand?Ans:
Modulus operator
This operator can only be used with integer operands ONLY
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 2 )
What are manipulators? Give one example.Ans:
The manipulators are like something that can be inserted into stream, effecting a change in the behavior. For example, if we have a floating point number, say pi (л), and have written it as float pi = 3.1415926 ; Now there is need of printing the value of pi up to two decimal places i.e. 3.14 . This is a formatting functionality. For this, we have a manipulator that tells about width and number of decimal points of a number being printed.
Some manipulators are parameter less. We simply use the name of the manipulator that works. For example, we have been using endl, which is actually a manipulator, not data. When we write cout << endl ; a new line is output besides flushing the buffer. Actually, it manipulates the output stream.
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 2 )
Write down piece of code that will declare a matrix of 3x3. And initialize all its locations with 0;Ans:
int matrix [3] [3] ;
matrix [0] [0] = 0;
matrix [0] [1] = 0;
matrix [0] [2] = 0;
matrix [1] [0] = 0;
matrix [1] [2] = 0;
matrix [1] [2] = 0;
matrix [2] [0] = 0;
matrix [2] [1] = 0;
matrix [2] [2] = 0;
we can also do it as given below
int matrix [3][3] = { 0 }; //all elements 0
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 3 )
Which one (copy constructor or assignment operator) will be called in each of the following code segment?1) Matrix m1 (m2);
2) Matrix m1, m2;
m1 = m2;
3) Matrix m1 = m2;
Ans:
1) Matrix m1 (m2); copy constructor
2) Matrix m1, m2;
m1 = m2; assignment operator
3) Matrix m1 = m2; assignment operator
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 3 )
What will be the output of following function if we call this function by passing int 5?template <class T>
T reciprocal(T x)
{
return (1/x);
}
T reciprocal(T x)
{
return (1/x);
}
Ans:
1/5
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 3 )
Identify the errors in the following member operator function and also correct them.math * operator(math m);
math * operator (math m)
{
math temp;
temp.number= number * number;
return number;
}
ANS:
The errors are in the arguments of the member operation function and also in the body of operator member function.
Correct function should be
math *operator(math *m);
math *operator (math *m)
{
math temp;
temp = m;
temp.number= number * number;
return temp.number;
}
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 5 )
Write a program which defines three variables of type double which store three different values including decimal points, using setprecision manipulators to print all these values with different number of digits after the decimal number.Ans:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main ()
{
double x1 = 12345624.72345
double x2 = 987654.12345
double x3 = 1985.23456
cout << setprecision (3) << x1<< endl;
cout << setprecision (4) << x2 << endl;
cout << setprecision (5) << x3<< endl;
return 0;
}
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 5 )
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using templates? Ans:
Many thing can be possible without using templates but it do offer several clear advantages not offered by any other techniques:
Advanatages:
• Templates are easier to write than writing several versions of your similar code for different types. You create only one generic version of your class or function instead of manually creating specializations.
• Templates are type-safe. This is because the types that templates act upon are known at compile time, so the compiler can perform type checking before errors occur.
• Templates can be easier to understand, since they can provide a straightforward way of abstracting type information.
• It help in utilizing compiler optimizations to the extreme. Then of course there is room for misuse of the templates. On one hand they provide an excellent mechanism to create specific type-safe classes from a generic definition with little overhead.
Disadvantages:
On the other hand, if misused
• Templates can make code difficult to read and follow depending upon coding style.
• They can present seriously confusing syntactical problems esp. when the code is large and spread over several header and source files.
• Then, there are times, when templates can "excellently" produce nearly meaningless compiler errors thus requiring extra care to enforce syntactical and other design constraints. A common mistake is the angle bracket problem.
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5 )
Suppose a program has a math class having only one data member number.Write the declaration and definition of operator function to overload + operator for the statements of main function.
math obj1, obj2;
obj2= 10 + obj1 ;
Ans:
#include <iostream.h>
math
{
mth operator + (obj1,obj2)
mth operator + (obj1,obj2)
{
mth operator + (obj1,obj2)
mth operator + (obj1,obj2)
}
}
……………………………………………………………………………
FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2008
CS201- Introduction to Programming
Time: 120 min Marks: 75
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
There are mainly -------------------- types of software ► Two
► Three
► Four
► Five
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
seekg() and write() are functionally _________________ . ► Different
► Identical
► Two names of same function
► None of the above
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When a pointer is incremented, it actually jumps the number of memory addresses ► According to data type
► 1 byte exactly
► 1 bit exactly
► A pointer variable can not be incremented
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
setw is a parameterized manipulator.
► True
► False
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
eof( ), bad( ), good( ), clear( ) all are manipulators. ► True
► False
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In functions that return reference, use __________variables.
► Local
► Global
► Global or static
► None of the given option
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The declarator of Plus (+) member operator function is ► Class-Name operator + (Class-Name rhs)
► operator Class-Name + ( )
► operator Class-Name + ( rhs)
► Class-Name operator + ( )
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The compiler does not provide a copy constructor if we do not provide it.
► True
► False
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What is the functionality of the following syntax to delete an array of 5 objects named arr allocated using new operator?
delete arr ;
► Deletes all the objects of array
► Deletes one object of array
► Do not delete any object
► Results into syntax error
Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What is the sequence of event(s) when allocating memory using new operator?
► Only block of memory is allocated for objects
► Only constructor is called for objects
► Memory is allocated first before calling constructor
► Constructor is called first before allocating memory
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What is the sequence of event(s) when deallocating memory using delete operator?
► Only block of memory is deallocated for objects
► Only destructor is called for objects
► Memory is deallocated first before calling destructor
► Destructor is called first before deallocating memory
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
new and delete operators cannot be overloaded as member functions.
► True
► False
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The operator function of << and >> operators are always the member function of a class.
► True
► False
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A template function must have at least ---------- generic data type ► Zero
► One
► Two
► Three
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If we do not mention any return_value_type with a function, it will return an _____ value.
► int
► void
► double
► float
Such function which do not return any value are called:
► int
► void
► double
► float
Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Suppose a program contains an array declared as int arr[100]; what will be the size of array?
► 0
► 99
► 100
► 101
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The name of an array represents address of first location of array element.
► True
► False
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Reusing the variables in program helps to save the memory
► True
► False
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following option is true about new operator to dynamically allocate memory to an object?
► The new operator determines the size of an object
► Allocates memory to object and returns pointer of valid type
► Creates an object and calls the constructor to initialize the object
► All of the given options
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
new and delete are _____ whereas malloc and free are _____.
► Functions, operators
► Classes, operators
► Operators, functions
► Operators, classes
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Like member functions, ______ can also access the private data members of a class.
► Non-member functions
► Friend functions
► Any function outside class
► None of the given options
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statement is best regarding declaration of friend function?
► Friend function must be declared after public keyword.
► Friend function must be declared after private keyword.
► Friend function must be declared at the top within class definition.
► It can be declared anywhere in class as these are not affected by the public and private keywords.
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The operator function overloaded for an Assignment operator (=) must be
► Non-member function of class
► Member function of class
► Friend function of class
► None of the given options
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
For non-member operator function, object on left side of the operator may be
► Object of operator class
► Object of different class
► Built-in data type
► All of the given options
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The operator function will be implemented as _____, if obj1 drive the - operator whereas obj2 is passed as arguments to - operator in the statement given below.
obj3 = obj1 - obj2;
► Member function
► Non-member function
► Friend function
► None of the given options
Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one of the following is the declaration of overloaded pre-increment operator implemented as member function?
► Class-name operator +() ;
► Class-name operator +(int) ;
► Class-name operator ++() ;
► Class-name operator ++(int) ;
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The static data members of a class are initialized _______
► at file scope
► within class definition
► within member function
► within main function
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Class is a user defined___________.
► data type
► memory referee
► value
► none of the given options.
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
We can also define a user-defines manipulators.
► True
► False
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Automatic variable are created on ________.
► Heap
► Free store
► static storage
► stack
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 )
How do we provide the default values of function parameters?
Answer: The default value of a parameter is provided inside the function prototype or function definition. For example, we could declare the default function arguments for a function while declaring or defining it.
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 )
Why do java consider pointer as dangerous
Answer:
The concept of pointers is very important but quite limited to C and C++. The modern languages, for example JAVA, describe pointers as dangerous. We can go anywhere in the memory and can change a value. There is another problem with pointers, which is that these could be pointing to nowhere.
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 2 )
What is memory leak?
Answer: size. When there is no memory on heap, the computer will stop running and there may be a system crash. This situation is called a memory leak.
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 2 )
What does optimization the of code means?
Answer:
Header file is a nice mechanism to put function prototypes and define constants (global constants) in a single file. That file can be included simply with a single line of code.
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )
What is the difference between structure and class?
Answer:
Answer:
In structures, some data variables are gathered, grouped and named as a single entity. Class and structure are very closely related. In classes, we group some data variables and functions. These functions normally manipulate these variables. Before going ahead, it is better to understand what a class is: “A class includes both data members as well as functions to manipulate that data”
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 3 )
See the following code segment.
template <class T>
class myclass {
private:
T x;
public:
myclass (T a) {
x = a;
}
};
Write the main function which creates two objects of class for int and double data types.
Question No: 37 ( Marks: 3 )
Is it possible to define two functions as given below? Justify your answer.func(int x, int y)
func(int &x, int &y)
Solution:
No, it is impossible to define two functions as in the main function the way to call both functions is same. How does the compiler know that which functions is being called? There is no way for the compiler to find out. Therefore there is an ambiguity and that is not allowed. The only thing to realize is the side effect. Side effects are critical to take care of whenever you are doing call by reference.
Question No: 38 ( Marks: 5 )
Write a program using getline() member function to inputs a string up to delimiter character comma (,) and then display the string on the screen.
Question No: 39 ( Marks: 5 )
Do you think that friend functions violate encapsulation? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The friend functions of a class have access to the private data members of class. Despite being a good thing, there is possibility of vulnerability. We are opening our thoughts, inside view for somebody else. Without having 100% trust, it will be risky to make our thoughts and feelings public. We want that our private data is accessible to someone outside, not public for everybody. Otherwise, the data encapsulation and data-hiding concept will be violated. We keep the data members private and declare some specific functions that are not member of the class but friend of the class. As friends, they have access to the inside data structure of the class despite not being members.
Question No: 40 (Marks: 10 )
Write a simple program using the get() member function of cin object reading a text of 30 characters from the keyboard, store them in an array and then using put() member function of cout object to display them on the screen.
Question No: 41 (Marks: 10 )
Write a small program which defines two user-defined manipulators named octal and hexadecimal. These manipulators should display the decimal numbers into octal and hexadecimal.
In the main function, input a decimal number from the user and then display this decimal number into octal and hexadecimal using user-define manipulators named octal and hexadecimal.
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
*.doc is _____________ by type.
.
► Sequential File
► Random Access File
► Data File
► Record File
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a preprocessor directive?
► #error
► #define
► #line
► #ndefine
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The return type of operator function must always be void.
► True
► False
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What does (*this) represents?
► The current function of the class
► The current pointer of the class
► The current object of the class
► A value of the data member
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The statement cin.get (); is used to,
► Read a string from keyboard
► Read a character from keyboard
► Read a string from file
► Read a character from file
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When we do dynamic memory allocation in the constructor of a class, then it is necessary to provide a destructor. http://vustudents.ning.com ► True
► False
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Overloaded new operator function takes parameter of type size_t and returns ► void (nothing)
► void pointer
► object pointer
► int pointer
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The second parameter of operator functions for << and >> are objects of the class for which we are overloading these operators.
► True
► False
Question No: 9 http://vustudents.ning.com ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
C++ is a case-sensitive language ► True
► False
Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
To include code from the library in the program, such as iostream, a directive would be called up using this command. ► #include “iostream.h”
► include <iostream.h>
► include <iostream.h>
► #include <iostream.h>
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A template function must have only generic data types. ► True
► False
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Template class can not have static variables. ► True
► False
Question No: 13 http://vustudents.ning.com ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What will be the correct syntax to assign an array named arr of 5 elements to a pointer ptr?
► *ptr = arr ;
► ptr = arr ;
► *ptr = arr[5] ;
► ptr = arr[5] ;
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What will be the correct syntax to access the value of fourth element of an array using pointer ptr?
► ptr[3]
► (ptr+3)
► *(ptr+3)
► Both 1and 3
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If most significant bit of un-signed number is 1 then it represents a positive number. ► True
► False
Question No: 16 http://vustudents.ning.com ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If there is a symbol (& sign) used with the variable name followed by data type then it refers to _____ and if & is being used with variable name then it refers to _____. ► Address of variable, reference variable
► Reference variable, value of variable
► Reference variable, address of variable
► Address of variable, value of variable
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
We can also do conditional compilation with preprocessor directives. ► True
► False
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The default value of a parameter can be provided inside the ________________ ► function prototype
► function definition
► both function prototype or function definition
► none of the given options.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Classes defined inside other classes are called ________ classes ► looped
► nested
► overloaded
► none of the given options.
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What purpose do classes serve? ► Data encapsulation
► Providing a convenient way of modeling real-world objects
► Simplifying code reuse
► All of the given options
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Every class contains _______________. ► Constructor
► Destructor
► Both a constructor and a destructor
► None of the given options
Question No: 22 http://vustudents.ning.com ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
new operator is used to allocate memory from the free store during ► Compile Time
► Run Time
► Link Time
► None of the given options
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When an object of a class is defined inside another class then, ► Destructor of enclosing class will be called first
► Destructor of inner object will be called first
► Constructor and Destructor will be called simultaneously
► None of the given options
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
It is possible to define a class within another class. ► True
► False
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
New and Delete are also used with ___________ and data types as well. ► Class, Objects
► Structures, Pointers
► Both Class and structures
► None of above
Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
With New keyword, data types and class members are initialized with meaningful values instead of garbage. http://vustudents.ning.com ► True
► False
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 2 )
How many arguments a Unary Operator take? Can we make a binary operator as unary operator? Ans: Unary operator takes only one aurgument like i++ or i— (Post increment or post decrement operators for intergers) or ++i,--i (Pre increment or pre decrement operators for intergers) ,we can not make Unary operator as binary or binary as Unary operator.
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 2 )
Which arithmetic operators cannot have a floating point operand?Ans: http://vustudents.ning.com
Modulus operator
This operator can only be used with integer operands ONLY
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 2 )
What are manipulators? Give one example.Ans:
The manipulators are like something that can be inserted into stream, effecting a change in the behavior. For example, if we have a floating point number, say pi (л), and have written it as float pi = 3.1415926 ; Now there is need of printing the value of pi up to two decimal places i.e. 3.14 . This is a formatting functionality. For this, we have a manipulator that tells about width and number of decimal points of a number being printed.
Some manipulators are parameter less. We simply use the name of the manipulator that works. For example, we have been using endl, which is actually a manipulator, not data. When we write cout << endl ; a new line is output besides flushing the buffer. Actually, it manipulates the output stream.
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 2 )
Write down piece of code that will declare a matrix of 3x3. And initialize all its locations with 0;Ans:
int matrix [3] [3] ;
matrix [0] [0] = 0;
matrix [0] [1] = 0;
matrix [0] [2] = 0;
matrix [1] [0] = 0;
matrix [1] [2] = 0;
matrix [1] [2] = 0;
matrix [2] [0] = 0;
matrix [2] [1] = 0;
matrix [2] [2] = 0;
we can also do it as given below
int matrix [3][3] = { 0 }; //all elements 0
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 3 )
Which one (copy constructor or assignment operator) will be called in each of the following code segment?1) Matrix m1 (m2);
2) Matrix m1, m2;
m1 = m2;
3) Matrix m1 = m2;
Ans:
1) Matrix m1 (m2); copy constructor
2) Matrix m1, m2;
m1 = m2; assignment operator
3) Matrix m1 = m2; assignment operator
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 3 )
What will be the output of following function if we call this function by passing int 5?template <class T>
T reciprocal(T x)
{
return (1/x);
}
T reciprocal(T x)
{
return (1/x);
}
Ans:
1/5
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 3 )
Identify the errors in the following member operator function and also correct them. http://vustudents.ning.commath * operator(math m);
math * operator (math m)
{
math temp;
temp.number= number * number;
return number;
}
ANS:
The errors are in the arguments of the member operation function and also in the body of operator member function.
Correct function should be
math *operator(math *m);
math *operator (math *m)
{
math temp;
temp = m;
temp.number= number * number;
return temp.number;
}
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 5 )
Write a program which defines three variables of type double which store three different values including decimal points, using setprecision manipulators to print all these values with different number of digits after the decimal number.Ans:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main ()
{
double x1 = 12345624.72345
double x2 = 987654.12345
double x3 = 1985.23456
cout << setprecision (3) << x1<< endl;
cout << setprecision (4) << x2 << endl;
cout << setprecision (5) << x3<< endl;
return 0;
}
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 5 )
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using templates? Ans:
Many thing can be possible without using templates but it do offer several clear advantages not offered by any other techniques:
Advanatages:
• Templates are easier to write than writing several versions of your similar code for different types. You create only one generic version of your class or function instead of manually creating specializations.
• Templates are type-safe. This is because the types that templates act upon are known at compile time, so the compiler can perform type checking before errors occur.
• Templates can be easier to understand, since they can provide a straightforward way of abstracting type information.
• It help in utilizing compiler optimizations to the extreme. Then of course there is room for misuse of the templates. On one hand they provide an excellent mechanism to create specific type-safe classes from a generic definition with little overhead.
Disadvantages: http://vustudents.ning.com
On the other hand, if misused
• Templates can make code difficult to read and follow depending upon coding style.
• They can present seriously confusing syntactical problems esp. when the code is large and spread over several header and source files.
• Then, there are times, when templates can "excellently" produce nearly meaningless compiler errors thus requiring extra care to enforce syntactical and other design constraints. A common mistake is the angle bracket problem.
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5 )
Suppose a program has a math class having only one data member number.Write the declaration and definition of operator function to overload + operator for the statements of main function.
math obj1, obj2;
obj2= 10 + obj1 ;
Ans:
#include <iostream.h>
math
{
mth operator + (obj1,obj2)
mth operator + (obj1,obj2)
{
mth operator + (obj1,obj2)
mth operator + (obj1,obj2)
}
}
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